Type 2 diabetes
Is diabetes hereditary
Type 2 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin
As this insulin helps to transfer sugar (glucose) from the bloodstream into the tissues of the body, where it is used to produce energy
When a beta cell malfunction or malfunction occurs inside the pancreas, and therefore there is no insulin that allows sugar to enter the cells, sugar builds up in the bloodstream and increases, leading to serious life-threatening complications
Causes of diabetes
The exact cause is unknown, as an autoimmune disorder occurs. The immune system attacks the body, causing problems for different body tissues and the pancreas
But there are some reasons that lead to this disease, including the genetic factor, weight gain
This disease can appear at any age, but it appears at two marked stages: the first in children between 4-7 years, and the second in children between 10-14 years
Infection with this disease leads to major problems such as
- Cardiovascular disease, where diabetes increases the risk of various cardiovascular diseases, including the coronary artery. , Angina, heart attack, stroke, arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure
- Nerve damage or neuropathy, diabetes leads to injury to the walls of the small blood vessels (capillaries) that feed the nerves, especially in the hands and feet, leading to a loss of feeling in these extremities. Nerve damage affects the digestive system, causing nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation
- Damage or impairment of the kidney, the kidney contains millions of microvascular groups, which filter waste from the blood. Diabetes causes damage to the filtering system, which leads to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or kidney transplant
- Eye damage, diabetes causes damage to the blood vessels of the retina, which leads to what is called diabetic retinopathy, which may cause blindness
- Foot damage or so-called diabetic foot ulcers, nerve damage in the feet or poor blood flow to the feet increases the risk of complications in the feet, especially if wounds and pimples are left untreated Serious infections can eventually lead to leg amputation
- Complications during pregnancy, high blood sugar levels are dangerous for both the mother and her fetus, and the risk of miscarriage or dead birth increases, and birth defects increase
For a pregnant mother, diabetes increases the risk of eye problems, retinopathy, high blood pressure, and preeclampsia
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Signs and symptoms of high blood sugar: -
Feeling very thirsty.
Feeling very hungry.
Feeling tired all the time.
Feeling of numbness or tingling, especially the feet.
The presence of clouds on the eyes or the so-called blurry eyesight.
Significant and fast weight loss.
Rapid and deep breathing.
Glowing face.
Nausea or vomiting.
stomach pain .
Urinating a lot and involuntary urination.
Dry skin and throat.
Bad breath.
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Diagnosis and tests
Blood glucose test
It measures the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood, and it is made after the patient has fasted for 8 hours without food and drink other than water, and it is preferred to be conducted in the morning. If he is more than 126 he is diabetic
Randomized sugar test
It measures the blood sugar level at an unlimited time and without fasting
If he is more than 200 he will be diabetic
A1c Diabetic Hemoglobin Test
It measures the sugar-bound level of the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells (hemoglobin), if it is 6.5 or more, it is diabetic. The higher the number of hemoglobin in the blood, the greater the level of blood sugar in the last three months
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Treatments and medications: The hormone insulin is not just a treatment
Type2 diabetes occurs because the body does not produce insulin, and therefore the body needs external insulin on a regular basis in order to maintain sugar levels so that they do not exceed the permissible limit, and there are many forms and types of insulin present, and they differ depending on the speed with which It begins to have an effect, and when it reaches higher
Its focus, and how long it lasts
Fast acting insulin: - Novo Rapid, Apidra and Homalog
The action begins after 15 minutes (so it should be taken immediately before meals), and it lasts for an hour, and can last for two to four hours
Short acting (normal) insulin: - Humulin R
It begins after about 30 minutes and reaches its highest concentration after two to three hours, and continues to work fo3 6 hrsI
Insulin medium effect: - Humulin-n
It begins after about two to four hours, and reaches its highest concentration after 4-12 hours, and continues for 12-18 hours
- Long acting insulin: Levemir and Lantus
It takes effect after several hours, and has a somewhat stable effect over 24 hours
A balanced diet should be used and monitored, limiting carbohydrates intake, exercising regularly, not smoking, checking foot regularly to avoid diabetic foot, wearing shoes designed to avoid diabetic foot problems, treating nerves, and stopping drinking alcohol
Insulin cannot be taken orally, because digestive juices in the stomach will destroy the hormone insulin, so it must be taken by injection using a pen or injection

Insulin Pen: This device contains a cartridge or tank pre-filled with insulin
I wish you continued health and wellness
