Will Corona Disappear Soon? .. Promising for Cholesterol Medicine

 At a time when experts in the world are racing to find a cure and vaccine that will end its tragedy with the outbreak of the new Corona virus, which has claimed thousands of lives, studies are also racing to find out anything new about this strange epidemic

 Subject you care about

 Trump is optimistic: "Corona will be gone, and my corruption will have made a mistake" America

 What is new today is that scientists in the United States have suggested that a cholesterol-lowering drug be effective in making Covid 19 treatable like the common cold

 Researchers at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York have studied how to deprive the virus of the nutrients it needs to survive

 And they found that the fat that accumulates inside the lung cells is a key component of what the virus needs to multiply, and therefore depriving the virus of this food may mean that the disease can be better controlled, indicating that it can turn into something similar to the common cold, in these cases

 He almost completely disappeared

 The researchers also stressed that if their findings are confirmed by clinical studies, this course of treatment may reduce the intensity of corona, while scientists have examined drugs that can interfere with the virus's ability to reproduce

 The researchers found that one of the cholesterol-lowering medications had shown promising results, allowing lung cells to burn more fat, thereby depriving the coronavirus of the conditions it needed to survive

 After 5 days of drug treatment, the researchers said that the virus had almost completely disappeared in laboratory studies

 Really reduce the frequency of the virus

 In another context, another study published by Cambridge University Press this week, found that three out of every four deaths from Corona virus in China were suffering from other health conditions, more than 40% of these suffer from high blood pressure, and more than a quarter of them suffer from heart disease  , All linked to high cholesterol, but they hoped that through clinical trials, cholesterol treatment could become promising by fighting Covid 19

 In turn, Professor Ian Jones, Professor of Virology at the University of Reading, said that the idea of ​​the new study lies in preventing the main biochemical steps the virus uses, because this prevention leads to reduced infection with the virus, stressing that this study showed that a common drug to lower cholesterol actually reduced the frequency of the virus  

 It is noteworthy that the new Corona virus has so far claimed the lives of at least 590,132 people worldwide 132 since it appeared in China in December last year

Editor's note: Find the newest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus Resource Center(covid &plaquinil)

Editor's note: Find the newest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus Resource Center

More than 140 scientists and physicians are challenging the validity of an influential study that found an association between prescribing the antimalarial drugs hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for COVID-19 patients and increased in-hospital mortality. After the observational study's results were published within the Lancet on May 22, the earth Health Organization (WHO) temporarily suspended enrollment into an ongoing randomized clinical trial testing hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19

An letter to the observational study's authors and therefore the Lancet's editor-in-chief posted May 28 lists 10 concerns. The signatories, who identify themselves as "clinicians, medical researchers, statisticians, and ethicists from across the earth ," say the researchers didn't account sufficiently for factors which can have influenced their results, including disease severity, and lift concerns a few lack of ethics review and errors within the underlying database

They also charge that the study's authors are being unduly secretive about their data sources and methods, despite the very fact that The Lancet signed a pledge to support data sharing during the coronavirus pandemic

"This paper has had a really negative impact on clinical trials," said Watson , DPhil, a statistician at the Mahidol-Oxford medicine Research Unit in Thailand and thus the lead signatory on the letter . "A lot of selections [about hydroxychloroquine] are made on the thought of very poor evidence. This drug might be harmful, it might be beneficial, it could do absolutely nothing in the least , but we'd like a randomized trial," Watson said

The Lancet study is based on data from the medical services company Surgisphere about 96,032 hospital patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 20 to Pan American Day from every continent except Antarctica. Every patient was discharged by April 21, unless that they had died by then. the bulk of patients, 81,144, didn't receive antimalarial drugs. The remaining 14,888 patients began to receive the antimalarial drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine within 48 hours of their positive diagnosis, either alone or with an antibiotic

After controlling for various factors including age, race, sex, and comorbidities like cardiovascular and lung disease, the authors found that patients on antimalarials were twice as likely to die within the hospital as patients who didn't receive them (18% mortality for patients who received hydroxy chloroquine, 16.4% for chloroquine, 9.3% for those that didn't receive an antimalarial). Patients who also received antibiotics experienced even higher mortality rates

"We were fairly reassured that, although the study was observational, the signals were robust and consistent across all regions of the earth in diverse populations, which we didn't see any muting of that signal, counting on region," lead author Mandeep R. Mehra, MD, MSc, the Harvey Distinguished Chair in Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, previously told the heart.org | Medscape Cardiology about the results

Italy experienced the primary case of COVID-19

After Italy experienced the primary case of COVID-19 in late February 2020, the country soon became a worldwide hub for the virus. With over 233,000 deaths and 33,000 deaths thus far , the virus has been more deadly in Italy than in China. To slow the spread, the govt ordered everyone to remain in their homes. Now, infection rates are finally dropping

 And because the country begins to reopen it, some Italian doctors say the deadly virus is losing its power

 "In March and April, patients to ER were very ill. that they had acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. They needed immediate oxygen, ventilation, and within 2-3 days, we had patients who died," says Matteo Passetti. MD, Director of the Infectious Diseases Clinic at the San Martino Hospital in Genoa. "But now, during the past four to 5 weeks, it had been completely different. Patients are an equivalent age because patients before, even older patients, aren't as sick as patients who were only four to 6 weeks ago."

 In strong opposition to the statements of Bassetti and other doctors, Italian public health officials and thus the planet Health Organization have warned that there's no evidence to support these allegations. They urge health care providers and thus the general public continues to require the virus very seriously. Meanwhile, Bassetti says the clue is on the way

? is that the epidemic weakening

 "One of the golden rules of virology is that viruses that spread within society change and alter ," says Mark Cameron, Ph.D., professor of population and quantitative health at Case Western Reserve University's School of drugs 

 He says they are doing this to survive. an epidemic enough to kill all of its hosts will die as soon because the last infected person dies. The weakest sort of virus - an epidemic that doesn't make people completely sick - are often transmitted from person to person

 "The virus is curious about keeping it alive," says Cameron. "She must maintain high viral fitness and not kill her host - we. COVID-19 has already achieved this perfect balance

 It could take generations to form enough genetic change to need an area to significantly weaken the coronavirus - both that cause COVID-19 and other forms that existed before it. Human coronavirus is understood to be very stable in its genetic makeup. Little or no change over time. the first tracing of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19, indicates that it behaves like its relatives, changing slowly and brilliantly over time

 This doesn't mean that the virus doesn't change at the very least. When researchers at Arizona State University analyzed coronavirus samples collected from nasal swabs, they found a private sample with a significant genetic difference from other samples

 But it's not known whether this particular difference to the virus results in more or less severe disease or a minimum of any difference in symptoms. To verify such a theory that needs further research. Scientists will work to align the varied genetic sequences of various nasal swabs with the patient's symptoms

 However, Cameron says, this single sample won't prevent other strains from continuing to spread and causing disease. Viral strains live independently of 1 another. For this reason, for instance , many flu strains circulate every season

 With many of us infected with SARS-CoV-2, a mutation during one sample is unlikely to change the course of the outbreak, Cameron says.

 Although researchers say it's unlikely that the virus has mutated enough to make major differences in how serious the disease is, this is often not all bad news. The virus creates a stable target for researchers who perform a vaccine. for instance , the flu changes so quickly that vaccine developers need an alternate injection per annum 

? The road guide

 Public health officials stress that there's no scientific evidence that the virus is now weaker. Until this evidence is found, health authorities warn that the general public cannot reduce its defenses against the spread of the virus. But Bassetti promises that evidence is coming. He cites ongoing studies within the cities of Milan and Brescia in northern Italy which will show that folks have fewer viral loads than before - a logo of less severe diseases - that have made genetic mutations within the virus less lethal

 one among the golden rules of virology is that viruses that circulate within society change and alter

 "We aren't here to mention that the virus has disappeared," says Basetti. "We are here to say that it's different." He attributes these differences to a possible set of things, including biological changes within the virus, and thus successful closure, social disorganization, mask use, and hand washing. Cameron adds that flattening the curve allows testing to catch up and provides medical assistance to those that need it directly

 In response to the WHO response to his allegations, Bassetti says, "The WHO doesn't care about the patients. they're sitting at a table in Geneva. These are the impressions of most doctors at rock bottom . we've admitted nearly 500 patients [COVID-19] during a hospital San Martino Since the start of the epidemic, I even have seen a big decrease within the severity of the disease

 Cameron, the work of health-care providers on the bottom , may are liable for this dramatic change

 "I would really like to put the credit for improving patient outcomes constantly in Italy at the feet of doctors and health care workers," he says. "It is testimony to their heroism that they broke the rear of this virus without the assistance of the virus itself, if any, we'll got to await virus sequence studies and clinical studies  to unravel the problem

The World Health Organization reveals the date of the second corona wave

The World Health Organization reveals the date of the second corona wave

 After fears in several countries that have decreased the incidence of coronavirus infection then rise again, the earth Health Organization has warned of a possible second wave of the epidemic, and has set a possible date

 according to the statements of the regional director of the organization in Europe, Hans Klug, the second wave of Corona is perhaps getting to be within the autumn, stressing the need to still follow the isolation measures during a deliberate manner

 "Although the second wave isn't inevitable, things today isn't better than it had been at the beginning of the year, within the absence of any treatment or vaccine for the disease," Klug said in comments reported by British newspaper "The Independent"

 He added that "it is possible" that the autumn semester will have a negative impact on the increase within the amount of cases infected with the Corona virus, with the same peak reached by seasonal flu cases at the highest of the year

 "It is possible that at the start of the autumn season and with the seasonal flu spreading, there will be a seasonal impact on the Corona virus. But we aren't yet sure that we'll witness a second wave," he said

 Cluj noted that following the principles of closure and preventive measures in societies contributed decisively to preventing the spread of infection, especially with the approaching summer when people are more inclined to gatherings

 The senior health official involved the "alarm" to sound, because the "Covid 19" epidemic remains during a lively stage in many countries, adding: "Many countries are still facing increased numbers of infections, like Northern Macedonia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan

Epilepsy: definition, complications, and treatment

  Definition of

  Epilepsy is defined as the recurrence of sudden, excessive and / or simultaneous secretions in cerebral cortical neurons resulting in disturbance of consciousness, disturbance of sensation, movements, impaired mental function, or a combination of these signs.  Because of its sudden nature, seizures are called events of ictal, from Latin ictus meaning "multiplication".  The terms epilepsy, seizures and convulsions are not synonymous

 

  Epilepsy brain and normal brain

  Types of epileptic seizures

  There are three diagnoses a doctor may make when treating a patient with epileptic seizures

  Idiopathic - this means that there is no clear cause

  Cryptogenic - This means that the doctor thinks there is likely a cause, but he cannot determine it

  There are three descriptions of seizures, depending on which part of the brain the epilepsy started

  Partial seizure

  Partial seizure means that epilepsy activity occurred in only part of the patient's brain.  There are two types of partial seizures

  Simple partial seizure - the patient is conscious during the seizure.  In most cases, the patient also realizes his surroundings, although the seizure is in progress

  Complex partial seizure - poor patient awareness.  The patient will generally not remember the seizure, and if this happens, his memory will be vague

  Generalized seizure

  Generalized seizures occur when the brain hemispheres have epilepsy activity.  The patient lost consciousness while the seizure occurred

  Concussive spells (formerly known as major epileptic seizures) - these are probably the best general type of seizures.  They cause unconsciousness, body stiffness, and vibration

  Absentia seizures (formerly called small epileptic seizures) - they involve short lapses in consciousness as a person appears to stare into space.  Attack attacks often respond well to treatment

  Seizures - muscles become stiff.  May cause falls

  Atony epileptic seizures - loss of muscle control, causing the individual to suddenly drop

  Concussive seizures - associated with rhythmic and shaking movements

  General Secondary Nuba

  A general secondary seizure occurs when epilepsy activity begins as a partial seizure, and then spreads to the two hemispheres of the brain.  With this development, the patient loses consciousness

 Some causes of epilepsy

  In most cases, no cause of epilepsy can be found and is described as idiopathic.  However, there are a number of recognized factors that increase a person's risk of epilepsy.  These include

  Brain scarring or brain damage, for example due to birth injuries, accidents, physical assaults, and excessive use of alcohol / drugs

  Infections and fever, such as meningitis, rubella, encephalitis and AIDS

  Benign and malignant tumors

  Genetic factors, such as tuberous sclerosis

  Dementia and degenerative neurological disorders, for example Alzheimer's disease

  Stroke that can occur at any age

  Parasitic infections, for example malaria

  Developmental disorders - for example, autism or neurofibromatosis

  Genetics

 Risk factors

  Sometimes the risk factor can cause brain scarring or cause the brain to not grow or function properly.  Risk factors include

  Babies born young for their ages

  Children who have had seizures in the first month of life

  Babies born in abnormal areas of the brain

  Brain bleeding

  Abnormal blood vessels in the brain

  Serious brain injury or hypoxia in the brain

  Brain tumors

  Brain infections: abscess, meningitis, or encephalitis

  Stroke caused by clogged arteries

  Cerebral Palsy

  Cases of intellectual and developmental disability

  Seizures that occur within days after a head injury ("early post-traumatic seizures")

  A family history of epilepsy or seizures associated with fever

  Alzheimer's disease (late in disease)

  Autism spectrum disorder

  Unusually long (febrile) episodes

  Prolonged seizures or recurrent seizures called epilepsy

  Use of illegal drugs such as cocaine

  Mild head injuries, such as concussion with a very brief loss of consciousness, do not cause epilepsy.  But the effects of frequent mild head and epilepsy injuries are unknown

 Symptoms of epilepsy

  The main symptoms of epilepsy are frequent seizures.  In the event that one or more of the following symptoms exist, the individual should visit the doctor, especially if it recurs

  Spasms without temperature (without fever)

  Short bouts of blackout or muddled memory

  Intermittent fainting episodes, during which bowel or bladder control is lost, often followed by extreme fatigue

  For a short period, the person does not respond to instructions or questions

  A person becomes solid, suddenly, for no apparent reason

  The person suddenly falls for no apparent reason

  Sudden bouts of flash without apparent stimuli

  Sudden bouts of chewing, for no apparent reason

  For a short time, the person appears stunned and unable to communicate

  Repetitive movements that seem inappropriate

  The person becomes frightened without an apparent reason;  They may panic or become angry

  Strange changes in the senses, such as smell, touch and sound

  Children, arms, legs, or body tremors appear as a group of rapid jerking motion

 Complications of epilepsy

  If you fall during a seizure, you can injure your head or break a bone

  If you have epilepsy, you are likely to drown while swimming or bathing 15 to 19 times more than the rest of the population due to the possibility of a seizure while in the water

  Car accidents.  A seizure that causes either loss of consciousness or control can be dangerous if you are driving a car or operating other equipment

  Complications of pregnancy.  Seizures during pregnancy pose a risk to both the mother and the baby, and some antiepileptic drugs increase the risk of birth defects.  If you have epilepsy and are considering pregnancy, talk to your doctor while you plan to become pregnant

  Emotional health problems.  People with epilepsy are more likely to experience psychological problems, especially depression and anxiety, and in extreme cases, suicide.  Problems may be the result of difficulties in dealing with the condition itself as well as the side effects of the medications

  Sudden unexplained sudden death in epilepsy (SUDEP).  People with epilepsy also have a risk of sudden, unexplained death.  The cause is unknown, but some research shows it may be caused by heart or respiratory disease

  Diagnosis and testing of epilepsy

  The evaluation of epilepsy patients aims to determine the type and cause of seizures, because different types respond better to specific treatments.  The diagnosis is based on

  The patient's medical history, including any family history of seizures, associated medical conditions, and current medications

  A complete physical and neurological examination is examined - your muscle strength, reactions, eye sight, hearing, and the ability to discover different sensations are tested so that doctors can better understand the cause of your seizures

  EEG, which measures electrical impulses in the brain.  This is the only test that directly detects electrical activity in the brain, and seizures are determined by abnormal electrical activity in the brain.  During the EEG, electrodes (small metal discs) are attached to specific locations on your head.  The electrodes are connected to a monitor to record the electrical activity of the brain.  EEG is not only useful to confirm the diagnosis of epilepsy, but also to determine the type of epilepsy

  

  A routine EEG records about 20 minutes of brain waves (however, a routine EEG takes about 90 minutes).  Because 20 minutes is a short period of time, the results of routine EEG studies are often normal, even in people known to have epilepsy.  Therefore, it may be necessary to monitor EEG for long periods

  EEG video monitoring is a better diagnostic method.  During this type of observation, EEGs monitor brain activity and video cameras for body movements and behavior during a seizure.  Prolonged monitoring often requires the patient to spend time in a private facility for several days.  Prolonged EEG video monitoring is the only way to diagnose epilepsy.

  Brain imaging studies, such as those provided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).  This can determine the cause of the seizures, but the majority of epilepsy patients have a normal MRI

 Medication and treatment

  Drug treatment

  Several medications are available to treat epilepsy, and many have been launched recently.  Old and large medications used to treat epilepsy include

  Phenytoin (Dilantin)

  Phenobarbital

  Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol)

  Primidone (Mesulin)

  Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

  Valproic acid (Depakote)

  Diazepam (Valium) and its derivatives

  Modern medications to treat epilepsy includ

  Felbamate (Felbatol)

  Gabapentin (Neurontin)

  Lamictal

  Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

  Topiramate (Topamax)

  Tiagabine (Gabitril)

  Levitiracetam (Kebra)

  Zonisamide (Zonegran)

  Other treatment options

  Epilepsy surgery is safe and effective, and is the preferred treatment when medications do not work.  (See the brochure on Epilepsy Surgery)

  The ketogenic diet is effective in treating certain types of epilepsy.  Specifically, it is effective in children with generalized epilepsy with severe symptoms with more than one type of seizure and brain damage.  However, diet requires careful planning and may be difficult to follow, so this is not possible in older children or adults.  The diet begins in the hospital, and when it succeeds, it is usually kept for 2 to 3 years.  A highly motivated family and a qualified dietician require

  Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).  This treatment requires a simple implant, and is the size of a pacemaker.  It is placed under the skin in the upper left chest, like a pacemaker.  This treatment appears to be effective for seizures that do not respond well to medication alone

Endometriosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and preventons.

Endometriosis: Diagnosis, Treatment and  prevention

?What is Endometriosis

Endometriosis may be a common condition that affects women during the reproductive years. It occurs when normal tissue from the uterine lining, the endometrium, attaches to organs within the pelvis and begins to grow. This displaced endometrial tissue causes irritation within the pelvis which will cause pain and infertility

During each menstrual period, most of the uterine lining and blood is shed through the cervix and into the vagina. However, a number of this tissue enters the pelvis through the fallopian tubes. Women who develop endometriosis simply could also be unable to clear the pelvis of those cells. It mainly affects women during their reproductive years. It can affect women from every group and ethnicity. Endometriosis isn't an infection and it's not contagious. Endometriosis isn't cancer

Types of endometriosis

There are several sorts of endometriosis

Peritoneal endometriosis: Peritoneal implants that contains glandular and stromal tissue and answer hormonal changes related to the cycle showing cyclic changes similar but not just like the traditional endometrium. These implants heal by fibrosis.4

Ovarian endometriomas: Benign, estrogen-dependent cyst also referred to as “chocolate cyst” that contains thick, old blood that appears as a brown fluid. This results from recurrent chronic bleeding from the endometriotic implants. In long-standing endometriomas, the endometriotic 

tissue is gradually replaced by fibrotic tissue

Deep endometriosis (DE): this type of endometriosis is characterized by proliferative fibromuscular tissue with sparse endometrial grandular and stromal tissue (akin to adenomyosis), with no surface epithelium. DE doesn't show significant changes during the cycle . Growth of endometriotic nodules are usually found within the uterosacral ligaments, the rectovaginal space, the upper third of the posterior vaginal wall, the bowel, and therefore the tract .4,6

Adenomyosis: Uterine endometriosis presents as asymmetrical uterine enlargement

Disseminated endometriosis: Growth of endometriotic tissue in various organs within the bodyincluding at the scar site

Causes of endometriosis

Although the precise explanation for endometriosis isn't certain, possible explanations include

Retrograde menstruation. In retrograde menstruation, menorrhea containing endometrial cells flows back through the fallopian tubes and into the cavity rather than out of the body. These displaced endometrial cells stick with the pelvic walls and surfaces of pelvic organs, where they grow and still thicken and bleed over the course of every cycle 

Transformation of peritoneal cells. In what’s referred to as the “induction theory,” experts propose that hormones or immune factors promote transformation of peritoneal cells cells that line the inner side of your abdomen into endometrial cells

Embryonic cell transformation. Hormones like estrogen may transform embryonic cells within the earliest stages of development into endometrial cell implants during puberty

Surgical scar implantation. After a surgery, like a hysterectomy or C-section, endometrial cells may attach to a incision 

Endometrial cells transport. The blood vessels or tissue fluid (lymphatic) system may transport endometrial cells to other parts of the body

Immune system disorder. It’s possible that a drag with the system may make the body unable to acknowledge and destroy endometrial tissue that’s growing outside the uterus

Risk Factors for Endometriosis

Early menarche

First-degree relative with endometriosis

Late menopause

Low body mass index

Müllerian anomalies

Nulliparity

Prolonged menstruation (> five days)

Shorter lactation intervals

Shorter menstrual cycles (< 28 days)

White race (compared with black race)

Women who do experience symptoms may have one or more conditions

Painful periods (dysmenorrhoea) which don't answer over-the-counter pain relief. Some women have heavy periods

Pain during or after sexual activity (dyspareunia)

Painful defecation (dyschezia) which will be cyclic or semi-cyclic

Painful micturition (dysuria)

Lower abdominal pain

chronic pelvic pain

Difficulty in getting pregnant or infertility

Pain associated with the bowels and bladder (with or without abnormal bleeding)

Chronic fatigue

Ovulation pain

Irritable bowel syndrome

Cyclical or perimenstrual symptoms (e.g. bowel or bladder associated) with or without abnormal bleeding

Infertility

Complications

Complications include

Infertility, which may affect 50 percent of these with the condition

Increased risk of developing ovarian cancer or endometriosis-associated adenocarcinoma

Ovarian cysts

Inflammation

Scar tissue and adhesion development

Intestinal and bladder complications

Diagnosis

If you've got any symptoms of endometriosis or are having difficulty becoming pregnant, contact your gynecologist. There are several things she will do to work out if you've got endometriosis, including

Pelvic exam

Ultrasound exam

MRI

Laparoscopy

Biopsy

Treatment and medications

Understandably, you would like quick relief from pain and other symptoms of endometriosis. This condition can disrupt your life if it’s left untreated. Endometriosis has no cure, but its symptoms are often managed

Medical and surgical options are available to assist reduce your symptoms and manage any potential complications. Your doctor may first try conservative treatments. they'll then recommend surgery if your condition doesn’t improve

It may be frustrating to urge diagnosis and treatment options early within the disease. due to the fertility issues, pain, and fear that there's no relief, this disease are often difficult to handle mentally. Consider finding a support group or educating yourself more on the condition

MEDICATION

Pain medications

You can try over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen (Advil), but these aren’t effective altogether cases

Hormonal therapy

Taking supplemental hormones can sometimes relieve pain and stop its progression. This therapy helps your body to manage the monthly changes in hormones that promote the tissue growth that happens once you have endometriosis

Hormonal contraceptives

Hormonal contraceptives decrease fertility by preventing the monthly growth and buildup of endometrial tissue. contraception pills, patches, and vaginal rings can reduce or maybe eliminate the pain in less-severe endometriosis

The medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) injection is additionally effective in stopping menstruation. It stops the expansion of endometrial implants. It relieves pain and other symptoms. this might not be your first choice, however, due to the danger of decreased bone production, weight gain, and increase within the incidence of depression in some cases

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRNH) agonists and antagonists

Women take what are called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists to dam the assembly of estrogens that stimulate the ovary. Estrogen is that the hormone that’s mainly liable for the event of female sexual characteristics. This prevents menstruation and creates a man-made menopause. The therapy has side effects like vaginal dryness and hot flashes. Taking small doses of estrogen and progesterone at an equivalent time can help to limit or prevent these symptoms

Danazol

Danazol is another medication wont to stop menstruation and reduce symptoms. While taking danazol, the disease may still progress. Danazol can have side effects including acne and hirsutism, which is abnormal hair growth on your face and body. Other drugs are being studied which will improve symptoms and slow disease progress

Conservative surgery

Conservative surgery is for ladies who want to urge pregnant or experience severe pain and for whom hormonal treatments aren’t working. The goal of conservative surgery is to get rid of or destroy endometrial growths without damaging your reproductive organs

Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgery, is employed to both visualize, diagnose, and take away the endometrial tissue. Your surgeon will make small incisions in your abdomen to get rid of the growths surgically or to burn or vaporize them. Lasers are commonly used lately as how destroy this “out of place” tissue

Last-resort surgery (hysterectomy)

Rarely, your doctor may recommend a complete hysterectomy as a final resort if your condition doesn’t improve with other treatments. During a complete hysterectomy, your surgeon will remove your uterus and cervix. Your doctor also will remove your ovaries because they create estrogen, and estrogen causes the expansion of endometrial tissue. they're going to also remove visible implant lesions

This radical approach to treatment is employed only other treatment approaches have failed, and therefore the pain and inflammation are interfering with quality of life. This procedure will stop the cycle of menstruation, and symptoms of endometriosis should reduce. there's no guarantee that each one pain will get away , however

You’ll be unable to urge pregnant after a hysterectomy. Get a second opinion before agreeing to surgery if you’re brooding about starting a family

Prevention of Endometriosis

Endometriosis can't be prevented. this is often partially because the cause is poorly understood. But long-term use of contraception hormones (patch, pills, or ring) may prevent endometriosis from becoming worse

Eczema: Risk factors, Diagnosis and Management

Eczema: Risk factors, Diagnosis and Management

Definition

Eczema refers to a chronic inflammatory skin condition, characterized by dry skin, with patches that are red and intensely itchy. These patches of eczema may ooze, become scaly, crusted or hardened. The patients may have times when their skin is obvious and other times once they have rash. it's also called atopic dermatitis

Atopy refers to a hereditary tendency toward eczema, asthma and rhinitis (hay fever). People with eczema may suffer with one among the opposite atopic diseases. Both dermatitis and eczema mean inflammation of the skin

Types of eczema

Atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is that the commonest sort of eczema. it always starts in childhood, and sometimes gets milder or goes away by adulthood. atopic eczema is a component of what doctors call the atopic triad. “Triad” means three. the opposite two diseases within the triad are asthma and pollinosis . many of us with atopic eczema have all three conditions

Contact dermatitis

If you've got red, irritated skin that’s caused by a reaction to substances you touch, you'll have dermatitis . It comes in two types: Allergic dermatitis is an system reaction to an irritant like latex or metal. Irritant dermatitis starts when a chemical or other substance irritates your skin

Dyshidrotic eczema

Dyshidrotic eczema causes small blisters to make on your hands and feet. It’s more common in women than men

Hand eczema

Eczema that only affects your hands is named hand eczema. you'll get this sort if you're employed during a job like hairdressing or cleaning, where you often use chemicals that irritate the skin

Neuro dermatitis

Neuro dermatitis is analogous to atopic eczema . It causes thick, scaly patches to crop up on your skin

Nummular eczema

This type of eczema causes round, coin-shaped spots to make on your skin. The word “nummular” means coin in Latin. Nummular eczema looks very different from other sorts of eczema, and it can itch tons

Stasis dermatitis

Stasis dermatitis happens when fluid leaks out of weakened veins into your skin. This fluid causes swelling, redness, itching, and pain

What can trigger eczema

Having eczema means when the skin barrier is broken , moisture evaporates and this makes the skin more vulnerable to allergens and irritants. This irritation can trigger the skin to release certain chemicals that make the skin itchy. If you scratch, more chemicals are released and therefore the skin feels even itchier. This “scratch and itch” cycle are often most distressing

Known triggers (or aggravating factors) for eczema in some people include

Dry skin

Scratching (night gloves and clipped fingernails could also be needed in young children)

Viral or bacterial infections

Swimming in chlorinated swimming pools

Playing in sand and particularly sandpits

Sitting directly on carpets or grass

Inhalant allergens – worsening of eczema in spring and summer can also flow from to pollen sensitivity

Food intolerances to artificial colour and preservative in some people

Irritants like perfumes, soap, chemicals, woollen or synthetic fabrics

Temperature changes (such as heat) or overly heated rooms

Stress (this can make it worse but eczema isn't a psychological condition)

Contact with allergens can worsen eczema, and allergen avoidance or minimization often brings about improvement. For example

Close contact with animals can cause itching or hives, as can sitting and playing on the grass

Contact with house dust mite allergen on the skin can increase inflammation

Constant exposure to water, soap, grease, food or chemicals can damage the protective barrier function of the skin. Once the protective barrier of the skin is lost, eczema frequently develops

Risk factors behind Eczema

Many factors during a person’s environment can make eczema worse; these include heat, dust, wool, pets and irritants like soap and detergents

Being unwell, for instance having a standard cold can make eczema flare

Infections with bacteria or viruses can make eczema worse. Bacterial infection (usually with a bug called Staphylococcus) makes the affected skin yellow, crusty and inflamed, and should need specific treatment. An infection with the oral herpes virus (herpes simplex) can cause a sudden painful widespread (and occasionally dangerous) flare of eczema, with weeping small sores and should need treatment with oral antiviral treatment. Topical steroids shouldn't be used if this is often an opportunity

Dryness of the skin

Teething in babies

In some people food allergens may cause flares in eczema

?What are the symptoms of atopic eczema

The skin usually feels dry

Some areas of the skin become red and inflamed. the foremost common areas affected are next to skin creases, like the front of the elbows and wrists, backs of knees and round the neck. However, any areas of skin could also be affected. The face is usually affected in babies with atopic dermatitis 

Inflamed skin is itchy. If you scratch tons it's going to cause patches of skin to become thickened

Sometimes the inflamed areas of skin become blistered and weepy

Sometimes inflamed areas of skin become infected

Diagnosis and Test used for Eczema

While the medical history is of paramount importance, additional tests can help support the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or identify other conditions which can be causing symptoms  

a number of these tests are

Blood tests: These require alittle blood sample, typically drawn through a needle within the arm. One such test looks for top levels of eosinophils, cells within the blood that are a part of an immune response . Another looks for top levels of a molecule called IgE antibody. Blood levels of those are elevated in people with atopic diseases, including eczema. Even more useful are allergen-specific IgE tests, which measure levels of the antibody, each of which is related to a special allergen

Skin biopsy: during this procedure a doctor first numbs the skin then removes one or more small pieces of skin, which is used to rule out other skin diseases from atopic dermatitis , sort of a low-grade carcinoma or psoriasis

Allergy skin testing: Prick skin tests are often done to common foods or inhalant allergens to means sensitization or lack of sensitization to specific allergens because of eczema

Patch testing: during this test, small patches covered with allergenic chemicals are placed on the skin for 48 hours, then removed and thus the skin reaction is evaluated at 72-96 hours for atopic dermatitis . It can identify contact allergy to chemical sensitizers like fragrances, metals, lanolin, rubber, etc

Buccal swabs: the within of the cheek are often swabbed with a cotton applicator to urge cells as a source of DNA material to look for mutations within the Filaggrin gene, one of the causes of eczema

Treatment and medicines therapy

Daily “Soak and Seal”

Soak within the bath or shower a day for 15-20 minutes so as that the skin absorbs plenty of water. Use warm water

A gentle skin cleanser should be used without scrubbing

Excess water should be gently pat away and thus the recommended medicine or moisturizer should be immediately applied to moist skin

Try to do this within three minutes. This seals within the water. (If you're applying skin medicine, don't apply moisturizer over it)

A skin cleanser could also be a bar or liquid used to clean the skin. Use products that are authorized to be used on “sensitive skin

Emollients (moisturizers)

Emollients (moisturizers) are a significant a neighborhood of eczema treatment. A moisturizer could also be a skin care product that adds moisture to the skin. Ointments and creams are recommended instead of lotion for people with very dry skin. they're used to replace lost skin moisture, help restore the normal barrier function of the skin, help the skin feel easier and reduce

.Emollients are very safe to use. you'll apply them as often as you'd like or wish